I. Understanding the Role of the Background
Before you start hunting, understand what a good background does:
* Supports the Subject: The background should complement and enhance the subject, not distract from them.
* Adds Context and Story: A well-chosen background can tell a story about the subject or the environment.
* Creates Mood and Atmosphere: Colors, textures, and light in the background contribute to the overall mood of the portrait.
* Doesn't Distract: Avoid backgrounds with busy patterns, bright colors, or distracting elements directly behind the subject's head.
* Separation: The background should ideally allow for some separation between the subject and the environment. This can be achieved through depth of field, color contrast, or lighting.
II. Key Considerations When Searching for Backgrounds
* Lighting:
* Time of Day: The "golden hours" (shortly after sunrise and before sunset) provide soft, warm light that's generally flattering. Avoid shooting in direct sunlight, which can cause harsh shadows and squinting. Overcast days offer a soft, diffused light that can be excellent for portraits.
* Direction of Light: Pay attention to how the light falls on both your subject and the background. Backlighting can create beautiful rim light, while side lighting can add dimension.
* Location:
* Scout Locations in Advance: Don't wait until the day of the shoot to find a location. Scout potential spots at different times of day to see how the light changes.
* Consider the Subject's Personality and Style: Choose a location that reflects the subject's personality and the overall style of the portrait. A formal portrait might be better suited to a more structured environment, while a casual portrait could work well in a natural setting.
* Color Palette:
* Complementary Colors: Colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel (e.g., blue and orange, red and green) can create visually appealing contrast.
* Harmonious Colors: Colors that are next to each other on the color wheel (e.g., blue and green, yellow and orange) can create a more subtle and harmonious feel.
* Consider the Subject's Clothing: Choose a background that complements the subject's clothing. Avoid clashing colors or patterns.
* Depth of Field:
* Shallow Depth of Field (Bokeh): Using a wide aperture (e.g., f/2.8, f/1.8) will create a shallow depth of field, blurring the background and drawing attention to the subject.
* Deep Depth of Field: Using a narrow aperture (e.g., f/8, f/11) will keep both the subject and the background in focus, providing more context and detail.
* Simplicity:
* Less is Often More: A simple, uncluttered background can be just as effective as a complex one.
* Avoid Distractions: Remove any distracting elements from the background if possible (e.g., trash, signs, parked cars). If you can't remove them physically, try changing your angle or using a wider aperture to blur them out.
III. Specific Background Ideas & Examples
* Natural Environments:
* Trees: Use a stand of trees with filtered light streaming through the leaves. Look for interesting textures and patterns in the bark.
* Fields: A field of wildflowers, tall grass, or wheat can create a beautiful and romantic backdrop.
* Water: Lakes, rivers, and oceans can provide stunning reflections and create a sense of serenity. Consider using a long exposure to blur the water.
* Mountains: Mountains can add grandeur and drama to a portrait.
* Urban Environments:
* Walls: Brick walls, colorful murals, or textured concrete walls can provide interesting backdrops.
* Doors and Windows: Use doorways and windows as frames for your subject.
* Cityscapes: Capture the energy of the city by incorporating skyscrapers and other iconic landmarks.
* Alleys: Often overlooked, alleys can provide unique textures and lighting opportunities.
* Man-Made Structures:
* Fences: Wooden fences, wrought-iron fences, or stone walls can add texture and visual interest.
* Bridges: Bridges can provide leading lines that draw the viewer's eye to the subject.
* Architecture: Use interesting architectural details, such as arches, columns, or staircases.
* Abstract and Minimalist Backgrounds:
* Sky: A clear blue sky or a dramatic sunset can be a beautiful backdrop.
* Blurred Motion: Use a slow shutter speed to blur the background while keeping the subject sharp.
* Repeating Patterns: Look for repeating patterns in nature or architecture.
IV. Practical Tips for Finding and Using Backgrounds
1. Scout Ahead: As mentioned, this is crucial. Use apps like Google Maps or PhotoPills to plan your shoots and visualize the lighting. Visit potential locations at different times of day to see how the light changes.
2. Change Your Perspective: Don't be afraid to get low or high. Shooting from a different angle can drastically change the background.
3. Move Your Subject: Small movements can make a big difference. Experiment with different positions and angles to find the most flattering composition.
4. Use Leading Lines: Look for lines in the background that draw the viewer's eye to the subject.
5. Simplify the Background in Post-Processing: If needed, use editing software to remove distracting elements or blur the background further. You can also adjust colors and tones to create a more cohesive look.
6. Communicate with your Subject: Make sure your subject is comfortable and confident. Their pose and expression will contribute to the overall success of the portrait.
7. Pay Attention to Detail: Scan the background for any distracting elements that you might have missed. Adjust the composition or remove the elements in post-processing.
8. Experiment and Have Fun: Don't be afraid to try new things and push your creative boundaries.
V. Tools and Resources
* Google Maps/Street View: For scouting locations remotely.
* PhotoPills: For planning photo shoots and visualizing the sun's position.
* Pinterest/Instagram: For inspiration and ideas.
* Local Photography Groups: Connect with other photographers in your area and share location tips.
By keeping these considerations and tips in mind, you can confidently find and utilize great backgrounds for your outdoor portraits, enhancing their impact and telling compelling stories. Good luck!