I. Understanding the Fundamentals:
* Purpose of the Background: Consider what you want the background to communicate. Should it be neutral and unobtrusive, or add to the story and mood?
* Simplicity is Key: Avoid cluttered backgrounds that distract from the subject. A clean, simple background will always be more effective.
* Color Harmony: Pay attention to the colors in the background and how they complement (or clash with) the subject's skin tone and clothing.
* Depth of Field: Understanding depth of field is essential. A shallow depth of field (achieved with a wide aperture) will blur the background, isolating the subject. A deep depth of field (narrow aperture) will keep both the subject and background in focus.
II. Scouting and Location Considerations:
* Prior Planning: If possible, scout locations beforehand. Use Google Maps, Instagram, and local photography groups to get ideas. Consider the time of day and how the light will fall on potential backgrounds.
* Look Beyond the Obvious: Don't just look for scenic overlooks. Interesting textures, patterns, and architectural details can make for compelling backgrounds.
* Consider the Time of Day (Golden Hour/Blue Hour):
* Golden Hour (hour after sunrise and hour before sunset): Offers warm, soft light that flatters skin tones and creates a beautiful atmosphere.
* Blue Hour (period of twilight just before sunrise or just after sunset): Provides cool, soft light and a tranquil mood.
* Weather Conditions: Overcast days can provide soft, even lighting, while sunny days can create strong shadows and highlights. Learn to work with different weather conditions.
* Permits and Restrictions: Check if any permits are required for shooting in specific locations, especially parks and private property.
III. Types of Backgrounds to Look For:
* Natural Landscapes:
* Fields: Long grass, wildflowers, wheat fields, or even just a grassy area can provide a soft and visually interesting backdrop.
* Forests/Woods: Trees, leaves, dappled light, and pathways can add depth and character.
* Beaches: Sand, sea, sky, and interesting rocks create a classic portrait background.
* Mountains: Provide a dramatic and awe-inspiring backdrop (ensure the subject doesn't get lost in the scene).
* Rivers/Lakes: Reflections in the water can add a unique element.
* Urban Environments:
* Walls: Brick walls, textured walls, painted walls, and graffiti can add a modern or edgy feel.
* Alleys: Can provide interesting lighting and a gritty urban feel.
* Staircases: Can create interesting lines and angles.
* Doors/Archways: Frame the subject and add a sense of depth.
* Bridges: Offer architectural interest and perspectives.
* Abstract/Minimalist Backgrounds:
* Sky: A clear blue sky, dramatic clouds, or a sunset can be a simple yet effective background.
* Plain Walls: A white or solid-colored wall can create a clean and minimalist look.
* Foliage: Use a close-up of leaves or flowers to create a blurred, colorful background.
IV. Techniques for Utilizing Backgrounds:
* Framing: Use elements in the foreground or background to frame the subject (e.g., branches, archways, windows).
* Leading Lines: Utilize lines in the background (e.g., roads, paths, fences) to draw the viewer's eye towards the subject.
* Color and Contrast: Use color to create contrast between the subject and background (e.g., a brightly dressed subject against a muted background).
* Backlighting: Position the subject with the light source behind them, creating a soft glow around the edges of their hair. Use a reflector to fill in shadows on their face.
* Perspective: Experiment with different angles and perspectives. Shooting from a low angle can make the subject appear taller, while shooting from a high angle can create a sense of vulnerability.
* Composition: Use the rule of thirds to create a balanced and visually appealing composition.
V. Specific Background Elements to Consider:
* Texture: Brick, wood, stone, and foliage all add texture to a background.
* Light: How light interacts with the background is crucial. Look for areas with soft, diffused light or interesting patterns of light and shadow.
* Color: Choose colors that complement the subject's skin tone and clothing.
* Depth: Create depth by using layers in the background.
VI. Adjusting the Background (in Camera and in Post-Processing):
* Aperture: As mentioned earlier, control depth of field with aperture. Wider apertures (e.g., f/1.8, f/2.8) blur the background, focusing attention on the subject. Narrower apertures (e.g., f/8, f/11) keep both the subject and background sharp.
* Focal Length: Longer focal lengths (e.g., 85mm, 135mm) tend to compress the background, making it appear closer and more blurred. Shorter focal lengths (e.g., 35mm, 50mm) show more of the background and create a wider perspective.
* Camera Angle: Changing the camera angle can drastically alter the appearance of the background.
* Positioning the Subject: Even slight movements of the subject can change how the background appears.
* Post-Processing (Editing):
* Blurring: You can selectively blur the background in post-processing using Photoshop or other editing software.
* Color Correction: Adjust the colors in the background to create a desired mood.
* Dodging and Burning: Use dodging and burning to selectively lighten or darken areas of the background.
VII. Tips for Success:
* Communicate with Your Subject: Explain your vision and what you're looking for in the background. Involve them in the decision-making process.
* Be Flexible: Be prepared to adapt your plans based on the available light and conditions.
* Practice: The more you practice, the better you'll become at finding and utilizing great backgrounds.
* Experiment: Don't be afraid to try new things and break the rules.
* Have Fun: Photography should be enjoyable!
By considering these factors and techniques, you can consistently find and utilize great backgrounds for your outdoor portraits, creating stunning and memorable images. Remember that a great background is not just about aesthetics; it's about enhancing the story you're trying to tell.