Camera Body
1. General Condition & Cosmetics:
* Look for dents, scratches, and corrosion: These can indicate how well the camera was cared for. Minor scratches are usually cosmetic, but dents can point to internal damage. Pay special attention to the corners and edges.
* Check the leatherette or covering: Is it peeling, cracking, or missing? Replacements are available but add to the cost. Loose covering can also indicate moisture damage.
* Examine the battery compartment: Check for corrosion from old batteries. Clean corrosion is a sign the issue has been addressed. Heavy corrosion can ruin the electronics.
2. Mechanical Functionality:
* Shutter:
* Listen for the sound: The shutter should sound consistent and accurate at different speeds. Slow speeds (1 second and longer) should sound noticeably slower.
* Check for shutter curtain issues: Open the back of the camera and fire the shutter at various speeds. Look for light leaks, pinholes, wrinkles, or tears in the shutter curtains.
* Test slow speeds: Slow speeds are often the first to fail. Time them if possible (use a stopwatch).
* Test the Bulb (B) setting: The shutter should stay open as long as the shutter release button is pressed.
* Film Advance/Rewind:
* Advance lever: It should move smoothly and evenly without excessive resistance.
* Rewind crank: Check that it rewinds the film smoothly and doesn't bind. Make sure the rewind button is functioning correctly.
* Spool holders: Check that the film spools sit securely on the take-up spool and rewind spool.
* Light Meter (if applicable):
* Compare meter readings: Use a known good light meter (like one on your phone or a digital camera) and compare readings.
* Test in different lighting conditions: Ensure the meter responds accurately in bright and low light.
* Check battery: Make sure the light meter has fresh batteries and that the battery compartment is clean.
* Self-Timer (if applicable): Test to ensure it works and the release occurs after the set time.
* Mirror (SLR only):
* Check for scratches, dust, or separation of the silvering: Minor imperfections are common in older cameras and usually don't affect image quality significantly.
* Ensure the mirror returns crisply: The mirror should snap back quickly and smoothly after each exposure.
* Film Door/Back:
* Inspect the light seals: These are crucial for preventing light leaks. Check for deteriorated foam or cracks in rubber seals. Deteriorated seals will be sticky or crumbly. Replacement kits are available.
* Check the hinges and latch: Make sure the door closes securely and the latch works properly.
* Rangefinder (Rangefinder Cameras Only):
* Check for alignment: Look through the viewfinder and ensure the two images coincide when focusing on different distances. Misalignment can be adjusted, but it's a good negotiating point.
* Check for brightness and clarity: The rangefinder patch should be bright and easy to see.
3. Viewfinder:
* Check for cleanliness: Dust and debris can accumulate in the viewfinder. While some can be cleaned, excessive amounts can be distracting.
* Look for scratches or haze: These can affect visibility.
* Check the focusing screen: Look for scratches or damage.
* Ensure the frame lines are clear (if applicable): These indicate the area that will be captured on film.
4. General Electrical (if applicable):
* Check battery contacts: Clean corrosion from the contacts.
* Test all electronic features: If the camera has any electronic features (like auto-exposure or autofocus), test them thoroughly.
Lens
1. Physical Inspection:
* Cosmetics: Check for scratches, dents, and wear. Cosmetic imperfections usually don't affect image quality, but can impact the price.
* Mount: Ensure the lens mount is clean and undamaged. Check that it attaches smoothly and securely to the camera body.
* Aperture Ring:
* Smooth operation: The aperture ring should turn smoothly and click firmly into each stop.
* Check aperture blades: Look into the lens while adjusting the aperture. The blades should open and close smoothly and evenly, forming a perfect circle.
* Oil on aperture blades: A common problem. Oil will cause the blades to stick and can affect exposure accuracy. Often appears as a rainbow-like sheen.
* Focus Ring:
* Smooth and even: The focus ring should turn smoothly without excessive resistance or looseness.
* Check for play (wobble): There shouldn't be excessive wobble or play in the focus ring.
2. Glass (Elements):
* Scratches: Small, hairline scratches are generally acceptable, especially on older lenses. Deep scratches or scratches on the front or rear element can affect image quality.
* Haze: A milky or cloudy appearance, often caused by separation of lens elements or fungus. Can significantly reduce contrast and sharpness.
* Fungus: Appears as branching, spiderweb-like patterns inside the lens. Can spread and damage the lens coating.
* Dust: Some dust inside the lens is inevitable and usually doesn't affect image quality significantly. Excessive dust can be a problem.
* Separation (Delamination): The cement holding lens elements together can separate over time, resulting in a visible ring or discoloration. This can affect image sharpness.
* Bubbles: Small bubbles in the glass are usually not a problem and can even be a sign of quality in older lenses.
3. Functionality:
* Focus Accuracy: If possible, focus the lens at different distances and check that the image is sharp in the viewfinder (using a focusing screen or rangefinder).
* Aperture Accuracy: Ensure the aperture opens and closes correctly at different f-stops. If you have a digital camera with similar mount capabilities you can take comparison images at different aperture settings to look for issues with consistent exposure.
4. Accessories:
* Lens cap: Check that the lens cap fits securely.
* Lens hood: If included, check that it's in good condition and fits properly.
* Filters: If included, inspect them for scratches, damage, or fungus.
Important Considerations Before Buying:
* Do Your Research: Research the specific camera and lens model you're interested in. Learn about common problems and potential issues.
* Ask Questions: Don't hesitate to ask the seller questions about the camera's history, condition, and functionality.
* Test Before You Buy: If possible, test the camera and lens before you buy them. Load film (or bring a test roll) and take some sample shots. Check the negatives/prints carefully.
* Negotiate: Don't be afraid to negotiate the price if you find issues.
* Consider the Seller: Buy from reputable sources (camera stores specializing in used equipment, trusted online sellers, etc.) that offer returns or guarantees.
* Budget for Repairs: Even if the camera seems to be in good condition, factor in the possibility of needing repairs or CLA (Clean, Lube, and Adjust) service.
Final Advice:
Buying a used film camera and lens can be a great way to experience the joys of film photography. Take your time, be thorough, and don't be afraid to walk away if something doesn't feel right. A little patience and careful inspection can save you a lot of frustration and ensure you get a camera and lens that will bring you years of enjoyment. Good luck!