1. Understanding the Basics of IR Photography
* Invisible Light: Infrared light is just beyond the red end of the visible spectrum. Our eyes can't see it, but digital camera sensors can.
* Different IR Wavelengths: The IR spectrum is broad. Different IR filters block varying amounts of visible light and allow different wavelengths of IR to pass. Common filters include:
* 720nm: Blocks nearly all visible light, offering a strong IR effect.
* 830nm/850nm: Blocks almost all visible light, giving a very strong IR effect with minimal red bleed.
* 590nm (Mild IR): Lets some visible light in along with IR. You can still see some color, giving unique color-shifting effects (false color IR) if you don't convert to black and white. Less dramatic for B&W.
* Why It Works for Landscapes: IR light reflects strongly off chlorophyll in healthy vegetation, making it appear bright white. Skies often appear dark and dramatic due to IR absorption. Clouds stand out sharply.
2. Choosing a Camera for Conversion
* CCD vs. CMOS Sensors: Generally, CCD sensors were preferred in the past for their better sensitivity to IR. However, modern CMOS sensors are increasingly capable and often more readily available in affordable cameras. Don't let this be the *sole* deciding factor.
* Megapixels: A decent megapixel count (12MP or more) is recommended.
* Age/Cost: Older cameras are often ideal because they are inexpensive and allow you to experiment without risking a current valuable camera.
* Size and Weight: Consider the size and weight for landscape work. A DSLR can be robust, but a mirrorless camera can be lighter.
* Lens Mount: Choose a camera system where you already have lenses, or where good lenses are readily available.
* Live View: Having live view helps with focusing, as focusing can be tricky with IR.
* Sensor Cleaning: IR conversions require meticulous cleanliness. Look for cameras with built-in sensor cleaning.
Example Camera Choices (as starting points, *not* definitive recommendations):
* Older DSLRs: Nikon D70, D80, Canon EOS 20D, 30D, 40D (These are *older* and may require more searching)
* Older Mirrorless: Sony NEX series, Olympus PEN series (smaller, lighter)
Important: Research specific models for their IR performance. Look for user reviews and discussions specifically related to IR conversion.
3. The Conversion Process: DIY vs. Professional
* DIY (Do It Yourself):
* High Risk: Opening a camera can damage it, void warranties, and even be dangerous due to capacitors.
* Requires Skill: Requires good dexterity, a clean workspace, and specific tools.
* Cost Savings: Significantly cheaper if you're comfortable with electronics repair.
* Resources: Many online tutorials (YouTube is your friend), but follow instructions carefully.
* Essential Tools:
* Precision screwdrivers (Phillips and flathead, various sizes)
* Spudger or plastic opening tools
* Tweezers
* Compressed air
* Anti-static wrist strap
* Clean, well-lit workspace
* Replacement IR filter glass (720nm, 830nm, etc., purchased from a reputable source)
* Double-sided adhesive tape
* Camera repair guide (specific to your camera model)
* DIY Steps (General Outline):
1. Disassemble the Camera: Carefully take the camera apart, following a guide.
2. Locate the Hot Mirror Filter: This is a filter in front of the sensor that blocks IR. It often has a bluish or greenish tint.
3. Remove the Hot Mirror: Carefully remove the hot mirror filter. This is often glued in place.
4. Install the IR Filter: Install the new IR filter in the same position as the hot mirror.
5. Reassemble the Camera: Carefully put the camera back together.
6. Sensor Cleaning: Clean the sensor thoroughly before reassembly and again after you reassemble.
* Professional Conversion:
* Higher Cost: More expensive than DIY. Expect to pay several hundred dollars.
* Reduced Risk: Less chance of damaging your camera.
* Warranty (Often): Some converters offer warranties on their work.
* Faster Turnaround: The conversion is done by experienced technicians.
* Options: May offer different filter options, sensor cleaning, and other services.
* Reputable Conversion Services: (Examples, research current options!)
* Life Pixel
* Kolari Vision
* MaxMax
* Choosing a Professional:
* Reputation: Read reviews and testimonials.
* Experience: How long have they been doing conversions?
* Warranty: Do they offer a warranty on their work?
* Filter Options: Do they offer the specific filter you want?
* Turnaround Time: How long will the conversion take?
* Cost: Get quotes from multiple converters.
4. Shooting with Your IR Converted Camera
* White Balance: Your camera's auto white balance will be completely off. You'll need to set a custom white balance. A common method is to point the camera at healthy green foliage under direct sunlight and set your custom white balance to that. Experimentation is key. You can also shoot in RAW and adjust the white balance in post-processing (often easier).
* Focusing:
* Infrared Index Mark: Some older lenses have an "R" or red dot that indicates the infrared focusing point. Focus visually, then adjust the focus using the IR index mark.
* Live View Focusing: Use live view and manual focus. Zoom in to get precise focus.
* Test Shots: Take test shots and zoom in to check focus.
* Exposure:
* Experimentation: IR light behaves differently than visible light. You'll need to experiment to find the correct exposure settings.
* Sunny 16 Rule: A good starting point. For example, on a sunny day with an ISO of 400, start with f/16 at 1/400th of a second. Adjust from there.
* Histogram: Use the histogram to ensure you're not clipping highlights or shadows.
* Lenses:
* Hotspots: Some lenses are prone to "hotspots" in IR photography – a bright central area in the image. Research your lenses beforehand to see if they are known to have this issue. Wider angle lenses often exhibit hotspots more readily.
* Lens Coatings: Multi-coated lenses generally perform better.
* Subject Matter:
* Vegetation: Lush, green foliage is the classic IR subject.
* Clouds: Dramatic clouds create stunning contrast.
* Water: Water can appear dark and reflective or smooth and milky.
* Architecture: Stone and concrete can have a unique look.
5. Post-Processing (Critical!)
* RAW Format: Shoot in RAW for maximum flexibility in post-processing.
* Software: Adobe Lightroom, Adobe Photoshop, Capture One, ON1 Photo RAW.
* Key Adjustments:
* White Balance: Adjust the white balance to achieve a neutral black and white image. Often, pulling the tint slider towards blue is necessary.
* Contrast: Increase contrast to bring out details.
* Highlights/Shadows: Adjust highlights and shadows to balance the image.
* Clarity/Texture: Add clarity and texture to enhance details.
* Black and White Conversion: Use a black and white conversion tool to fine-tune the tones. Experiment with different channel mixer settings.
* Dodging and Burning: Use dodging and burning to selectively lighten or darken areas.
* Sharpening: Sharpen the image carefully, as IR images can be slightly soft.
* Color Channel Mixer: This is crucial for controlling the grayscale tones in the final B&W image. Experiment to see how each color channel affects the overall look.
* Removing Hotspots: If you have a hotspot, you can try to remove it in post-processing using a combination of dodging, burning, and gradient filters.
Tips for Success
* Practice and Experiment: IR photography is a unique art form. Experiment with different settings, lenses, and post-processing techniques to find your own style.
* Research: Read articles, watch tutorials, and join online forums to learn from other IR photographers.
* Patience: It takes time to master IR photography. Be patient and persistent, and you'll be rewarded with stunning images.
* Safety First: If you attempt a DIY conversion, take all necessary safety precautions to protect yourself and your equipment.
* Cleanliness is Key: Dust on the sensor is much more visible in IR images. Keep your sensor clean.
* Consider Pre-Capture Filtering (Optional): You can use screw-on IR filters *on the lens* with a converted camera to further fine-tune the IR effect. This offers added control, but requires buying more filters.
By following these steps, you can convert a camera for IR black and white landscape photography and create stunning images that capture the unseen beauty of the world around us. Remember to prioritize safety, take your time, and enjoy the creative process!